Violet
PLAY THERAPY CAMBRIDGESHIRE

  

 

History of Play Therapy

Play therapy has its roots in the work of Anna Freud (1895–1982) and Melanie Klein (1882–1960), both of whom were influenced by Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. While their approaches initially aligned with Freud’s, they eventually developed distinct methods tailored to working with children. Freud and Klein introduced play into therapy as a means of facilitating free association through the manipulation of toys, resulting in a structured and directive form of play therapy.

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The non-directive approach to play therapy emerged later, pioneered by Virginia Axline (1911–1988). Inspired by the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers (1902–1987), Axline believed that children possess an innate capacity to resolve emotional difficulties and develop coping strategies when provided with a safe, environment and trusting relationship. Non-directive play therapists do not aim to change the child but trust in the child’s natural ability to grow, heal, and move toward self-direction.

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Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) also made significant contributions to play therapy. His work emphasised the importance of symbols and metaphors in children's play, viewing them as reflections of the child's inner world and unconscious mind.

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Today, play therapy continues to evolve, integrating a variety of therapeutic approaches. Violet Play Therapy incorporates Virginia Axline’s eight foundational principles while adopting an Integrative Holistic Approach. This framework allows practitioners and volunteers to tailor interventions—both directive and non-directive—based on each child’s unique psychological and emotional needs.